A New Threat to Indian Fighters, China's HQ-9BE Air Defense System Now in Pakistani Service

A New Threat to Indian Fighters, China's HQ-9BE Air Defense System Now in Pakistani Service.

Sunday, August 17, 2025.

The Chinese-made HQ-9BE surface-to-air missile system is now operational in the Pakistan Air Force, marking a significant advancement in the country's integrated air defense architecture. This deployment, which has not been officially announced by Pakistani authorities, represents a substantial capability upgrade aimed at countering evolving air threats in an increasingly contested regional environment. The HQ-9BE is an advanced export iteration of the original HQ-9 system developed by the China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation. While the standard HQ-9 largely borrows technology from the Russian S-300 and the US Patriot missiles, the HQ-9BE offers significant improvements. These include a longer engagement range of up to 260 kilometers, improved electronic countermeasures, and improved target tracking performance against maneuvering air threats at various altitudes. The system also features an enhanced seeker system, likely integrating active radar homing guidance, which improves accuracy and survivability in electronically jammed environments.

Operationally, the HQ-9BE serves as a long-range strategic layer in Pakistan's increasingly layered air defense structure. This system complements Chinese-supplied systems such as the HQ-16FE and LY-80, both of which provide medium- and short-range coverage. With the HQ-9BE now networked, Pakistan gains the capability to detect, track, and engage high-value targets far beyond its borders. This includes airborne early warning and control aircraft, strategic bombers, reconnaissance drones, and fighter jets operating at standoff range. For Pakistan, the strategic benefits are clear. The deployment of the HQ-9BE strengthens the defense posture of its key military and political centers, particularly in the northern region near Islamabad and Rawalpindi. It also increases the survivability of its own air force assets by establishing a greater threat envelope that can deter preemptive strikes or deep penetration missions. The presence of the HQ-9BE complicates potential adversaries' air superiority calculations, forcing them to consider increased risks and resource allocation for electronic warfare and suppression of enemy air defenses.

India, in particular, must now reevaluate its operational plans along the western front. The HQ-9BE's range poses a real threat to Indian Air Force assets such as AWACS platforms and Su-30MKIs operating with long-range munitions.

These assets, vital to India's surveillance and strike capabilities, may need to adjust their flight paths and mission timings to stay out of missile range. Furthermore, the HQ-9BE could disrupt the deployment of long-range drones or cruise missiles by increasing the probability of interception in key Pakistani territories. The addition of this system also marks a closer technological alignment between Pakistan and China. The HQ-9BE is designed to integrate with modern command and control systems, enabling coordinated defense across multiple batteries and radar units. This allows Pakistan to build a comprehensive air defense network capable of conducting simultaneous attacks across multiple axes, using real-time sensor data to neutralize both massed air attacks and precision-guided strikes. With the HQ-9BE now operational, Pakistan signals its intention to maintain strategic deterrence and deny air superiority to any adversary in its vicinity. The introduction of this system not only strengthens national defense but also alters the regional balance by challenging India's traditional air dominance in the subcontinent. The future air combat environment in South Asia is now much more competitive.

Source: Facebook admin, military strategy technology.

Experts Say Australia Needs Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles

Experts Say Australia Needs Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles.

Sunday, August 17, 2025.

In his article in The Strategist, defense analyst Ross Babbage argues that Australia must urgently develop an independent long-range strike capability to prepare for an era of increasing strategic uncertainty. He argues that the Australian Defence Force (ADF) cannot rely entirely on US assurances and must pursue a "very strong independent deterrent," even against a great power adversary. Babbage outlines the need for a select set of capabilities that would be difficult for any adversary to match, affordable at scale, and domestically produced. Among his key recommendations is the introduction of a road-borne, intermediate-range ballistic missile with a range of 3,000 to 5,500 kilometers. He describes this system as highly resilient, fast, and versatile, with the ability to strike land or sea targets within minutes. "A mobile ballistic missile would be the right choice," Babbage writes. "These missiles are difficult to intercept, can cover thousands of kilometers in just tens of minutes, can strike land or sea targets without endangering friendly life, and are difficult to detect before launch if paired with decoys, camouflage, and concealment.

" He recalled the challenges faced by US and allied forces in hunting Iraqi Scud missile launchers during the 1991 Gulf War as evidence of their effectiveness in complicating enemy operations. Babbage emphasized that while such weapons would not provide a complete deterrent, their deployment would increase the cost of aggression for any enemy and force them to think twice before considering an attack. He argued that such missiles should have long range, be equipped with internal sensors to operate without satellite guidance, and carry penetration aids such as decoys and electronic countermeasures. Ideally, each missile would be equipped with multiple independently targetable warheads to maximize impact. He added that launchers would need an encrypted link to the Australian combat network for targeting and firing commands, while camouflage and concealment would be critical for survivability. Babbage proposed a three-step pathway. The first step involves selecting a partner nation with existing ballistic missile capabilities, an allied or at least friendly nation, and free from close ties with China, Russia, or Iran. The second step is to acquire interim capabilities by purchasing missiles, mobile launchers, spare parts, and limited modifications to integrate them with ADF systems.

The third step involves developing a joint program with a partner, combining expertise and resources to produce a missile with longer range and improved survivability. In considering potential partners, Babbage singled out Israel and South Korea as prime candidates. Israel's Jericho 3 ballistic missile has a range of 4,800 to 6,500 kilometers, while South Korea's Hyunmoo 5 can strike targets up to 5,000 kilometers away. Both countries also produce their own sensors, warheads, and missile defense systems, giving them a detailed understanding of the technical requirements for ensuring penetration against advanced defenses. "Israel and South Korea have advantages over other potential competitors," he wrote, highlighting their indigenous missile programs and self-sufficiency in key technologies. He noted that South Korea is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), an informal arrangement designed to prevent the spread of long-range missile technology.

While not legally binding, membership could complicate cooperation. Israel, which is not a member of the MTCR, could be an alternative partner if Seoul is unwilling to provide missiles or transfer technology. The urgency behind Babbage's proposal lies in the uncertainty about the US's role in a future crisis. "We cannot now rule out the possibility that in a future crisis, the US might choose to remain indifferent or impose conditions on support that undermine our sovereignty," he warned. Therefore, he argued, Australia should prioritize the development of an independent strike system that could significantly alter an adversary's strategic calculations. By increasing the risks and costs of military action, such a capability would strengthen deterrence and protect national sovereignty in a volatile Indo-Pacific environment.

source: admin facebook technology military strategy

Alaska Summit Results Unclear, Putin Deemed a Big Win and Trump Annoyed

Alaska Summit Results Unclear, Putin Deemed a Big Win and Trump Annoyed.

Saturday, August 16, 2025.

US President Donald Trump's meeting with President Vladimir Putin is considered a major victory for the Russian leader, compared to Trump, who returned home sullen.

CNN reported that Trump's meeting with Putin in Alaska on Friday (August 15, 2025) did not produce any clear results, no concrete agreement on a ceasefire or efforts to end the war in Ukraine. Trump only stated that his meeting with Putin was positive and constructive, and that several points were agreed upon. Meanwhile, Putin stated that there were understandings that were hoped to bring peace to Ukraine. CNN even reported that despite the lack of an agreement, Putin achieved several major victories. Trump, as the host, appeared annoyed and tired.

Putin's first major victory was a red-carpet welcome in the United States and a ride in the limousine "The Beast." This tradition, for a leader from a country with which relations have been strained, is considered extraordinary. CNN also described both events as a remarkable reprieve for the International Criminal Court fugitive and alleged war criminal. However, the scene was considered horrifying for the Ukrainian people. It was made even worse by the Kremlin's statement that Ukraine was a "brotherly" nation, despite having been killing its civilians for three and a half years.

CNN assessed that Putin's second victory was time. Time was of the essence, as Putin's offensive nearly turned incremental progress into a strategic victory.

Putin had also paid a heavy price for his troops to cross the Ukrainian front line. Furthermore, he appeared to be in no hurry, suggesting further meetings and continued work. Meanwhile, Trump was likely upset that Putin hadn't changed his stance on the "root causes" of the war. The Russian president even warned Ukraine and European countries not to interfere during the ongoing process. "We hope that Kyiv and European capitals will view all this constructively and will not create any obstacles, will not try to disrupt progress," Putin said.

After meeting Putin, Trump reportedly planned to hold phone calls with Ukraine and NATO members. He was expected to convey some kind of cooperation that Putin considered a "deal." However, from Trump's facial expressions and words, it didn't appear they had reached any significant agreement. The two heads of state didn't even have lunch together. After the meeting, Putin immediately boarded a plane and returned to his home country.

The most difficult part of the negotiations is the areas that still need to be agreed upon at the end.

Trump's statement that several "major" issues remain unresolved suggests little progress on issues like Putin's desired territory and a ceasefire.

First in Southeast Asia, Indonesia's Ballistic Missile System Changes Regional Power Balance

First in Southeast Asia, Indonesia's Ballistic Missile System Changes Regional Power Balance.

Thursday, August 14, 2025.

Indonesia's discreet deployment of a Turkish-made short-range ballistic missile system in East Kalimantan is a significant move that has "significantly" changed the regional power balance, experts said.

"From a region where no Southeast Asian country has a modern operational ballistic missile capability, Indonesia now has a high-precision strike and rapid-response option that could reshape regional deterrence dynamics," the experts said, as reported by Channel News Asia (CNA). Closely related to the relocation of its capital from Jakarta to the Indonesian capital (IKN), and occurring amid heightened tensions in the South China Sea, this move signals a deliberate shift by Indonesia from a largely defensive posture to a more agile and forward-looking deterrence posture, observers say. Geopolitically, it underscores Jakarta's shift from traditional reliance on the West to diverse relationships with partners like Turkey that are strengthening its influence in global power dynamics.

Experts say the initial deployment choice reflects geopolitical, geographic, and symbolic considerations.

East Kalimantan was likely chosen due to its relative safety from direct attack, its strategic position overlooking the vital northern sea route, and its role as the location of the new capital. This makes it ideal for hosting a robust missile force to protect the national territory and the new capital. The KHAN missile system is a platform with a range of at least 280 km, a range that could be further developed by Turkish arms manufacturer Roketsan. Ballistic missiles are rocket-propelled missiles that can carry nuclear or conventional warheads. The KHAN missile's range extends Indonesia's strike radius into disputed maritime corridors, according to the news site Defence Security Asia.

"Indonesia ordered KHAN missiles in November 2022 and is the first armed force outside Turkey to have them in its inventory," Roketsan Deputy General Manager Murat Kurtulus said at the time. Responding to questions from CNA, Indonesian Army Spokesperson Brigadier General Wahyu Yudhayana confirmed the delivery of short-range ballistic missiles from Turkey to Indonesia. He said the missiles were part of the first batch obtained by the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and had not yet been officially handed over to the Indonesian Army. Therefore, he could not comment on whether the system had been officially deployed in East Kalimantan. He did not provide details on how many KHAN missiles Indonesia had acquired or where they would be deployed.

Ministry of Defense spokesperson Brigadier General Frega Ferdinand Wenas Inkiriwang told CNA Indonesia last Thursday (August 7) that the ministry had not yet monitored the latest developments regarding the missile. First in Southeast Asia, But Not the Last? Indonesia has become the first Southeast Asian country to publicly deploy a modern tactical ballistic missile system. This capability has traditionally been possessed only by major military powers outside the region. This development carries the potential to start an arms race in the region, according to Ridzwan Rahmat, chief defense analyst at Jane's, based in Singapore. He noted that until now, Southeast Asian countries have generally avoided procuring tactical ballistic systems because of their "inherently offensive nature, rather than purely defensive platforms." However, that norm may now be changing. Indonesia's move is likely to prompt other Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries to reassess their own missile and air defense capabilities. In the region, Vietnam is known to possess Soviet-era Scud-class ballistic missiles and North Korean derivatives such as the Hwasong-6, with a range of 300 to 500 km, but these systems are Cold War-era and not newly acquired. Meanwhile, Myanmar is widely believed to possess North Korean Hwasong-5 and Chinese BP-12A ballistic missiles, likely integrated through the SY-400 platform. However, there has been no official confirmation of their regular operational use.

Indonesia's acquisition of the KHAN missile has significantly altered the regional balance of power, according to Ridzwan. "I am certainly concerned about the possibility of an arms race," he said. He explained, "This is the first missile of its kind in the region, and, to date, countries have been reluctant to acquire tactical ballistic missiles due to their range and the nature of the weapon, which is more difficult to intercept given its limited engagement window." "This Indonesian move has dual strategic implications," said Beni Sukadis of the Defense Studies Institute think tank.

Malaysia Considers Integrating Russian-Indian BrahMos-A Missiles into Su-30MKM Fighter Jets

Malaysia Considers Integrating Russian-Indian BrahMos-A Missiles into Su-30MKM Fighter Jets.

The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) is conducting a detailed evaluation of the feasibility of integrating the BrahMos-A supersonic cruise missile into its fleet of Su-30MKM multirole fighters. This move is part of deepening bilateral defense cooperation between Malaysia and India, with a focus on enhancing the RMAF's long-range precision strike capabilities against maritime and land targets. Malaysia's request to Indian authorities reportedly includes a comprehensive set of technical documentation outlining structural strengthening requirements, avionics integration procedures, and aerodynamic assessments, as well as a detailed cost estimate for the entire program, which will include design work, flight testing, and weapons certification. The Su-30MKM, a variant of the Russian Su-30 platform customized for Malaysia, shares much of its airframe and system architecture with the Indian Air Force's Su-30MKI, which has been modified by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to carry the 2.5-ton BrahMos-A missile. This commonality provides a strong technical basis for integration, but significant engineering work is still required.

The airframe will require local reinforcement to manage the missile's weight and aerodynamic loads during high-gravity maneuvers, while the pylon hardpoints will require reinforcement and precision alignment. The aircraft's fire control system and mission computer will require updated software to interface with the missile's guidance and targeting protocols, and the electronic warfare suite will be adapted to ensure compatibility with the missile's operational parameters. These modifications, combined with environmental and electromagnetic interference testing, are expected to take several years before the missile can reach full operational status in Malaysian service. The BrahMos-A is an air-launched derivative of the Indian-Russian BrahMos missile family, adapted for heavy-duty fighter aircraft through a shortened fuselage measuring approximately 8.4 meters compared to the 8.9 meters of the naval variant, while retaining a two-stage propulsion system consisting of a solid-fuel booster for initial acceleration and a liquid-fuel ramjet sustainer for high-speed cruise. The missile's top speed of Mach 2.8 allows it to outmaneuver most modern air defense interceptors, while its range of over 290 kilometers provides long-range combat capability far beyond the reach of most enemy ship-based surface-to-air missile systems.

Navigation is handled by an inertial navigation unit assisted by satellite positioning (GLONASS/GPS), with an active radar seeker taking over in the terminal phase for pinpoint accuracy. The missile's 200-300 kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead can deliver lethal impact against large warships, fortified ground targets, and critical infrastructure, making it a versatile strike asset. Operational integration on the Su-30MKM will enable the Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) to conduct maritime interdiction missions deep into disputed waters and land attacks without entering enemy air defense zones. With mid-air refueling, the Su-30MKM can extend its combat radius to over 1,500 kilometers, enabling BrahMos-A strikes against strategic targets throughout the South China Sea. The missile's supersonic speed also shortens enemy reaction time to mere seconds, significantly complicating interception. Combined with the Su-30MKM's thrust vectoring engines, advanced passive electronically scanned array radar, and a robust payload capacity exceeding 8,000 kg, this platform would be one of the most comprehensively armed fighter configurations in Southeast Asia. This potential upgrade also carries significant geopolitical weight.

Malaysia's interest in the BrahMos-A comes amid heightened strategic competition in the South China Sea, where overlapping territorial claims and the expanding military presence of regional powers have heightened the demand for credible deterrence capabilities. By pursuing a long-range, high-endurance, precision-guided strike weapon, Malaysia would not only enhance its national defense posture but also signal closer strategic alignment with India. Such a move could subtly recalibrate regional power dynamics, particularly in light of the growing Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) footprint, while also demonstrating ASEAN members' willingness to diversify defense partnerships beyond traditional suppliers.

Iran Is Developing Its First Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Capable of Reaching the Mainland United States

Iran Is Developing Its First Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Capable of Reaching the Mainland United States.

Thursday, August 7, 2025.

Iran may have developed or is preparing to test its first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), designated the Khorramshahr-5. This missile is reportedly capable of a range of up to 12,000 kilometers, a speed of Mach 16 (approximately 20,000 km/h), and a warhead weighing approximately two tons. If verified, these figures would place Iran among the few countries capable of conducting intercontinental missile strikes and significantly extend its strategic reach beyond its previously stated limit of 2,000 kilometers. However, to date, no official test has been acknowledged by the Iranian Ministry of Defense or the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). If accurate, the Khorramshahr-5's range (up to 12,000 kilometers) would be sufficient to reach the entire continental United States from Iranian territory, placing the Khorramshahr-5 in the class of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), defined by a minimum range of 5,500 kilometers and including systems capable of conducting transcontinental strikes.

An intercontinental ballistic missile is defined as a guided missile with a minimum range of 5,500 kilometers, designed to deliver a warhead across intercontinental distances. ICBMs typically consist of two or three stages and can be launched from fixed silos, mobile platforms, or submarines. After launch, the missile exits the atmosphere, travels through space in a parabolic arc, and re-enters at very high speeds. Modern ICBMs can exceed Mach 20 and can carry multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) or hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs), allowing them to strike multiple targets with a single launch. The warhead descends at a speed of between 15,000 and 24,000 km/h, using inertial navigation, GPS, or advanced optical guidance to reach its target. Although designed primarily for nuclear payloads, ICBMs can also be armed with conventional payloads or submunitions, depending on strategic needs. Their average flight time ranges from 30 to 40 minutes, and they are among the most difficult weapons to intercept due to their altitude, speed, and maneuverability.

Nevertheless, various technical, political, and developmental clues suggest that the Khorramshahr-5 may be in active, secret development or a pre-operational prototype. Its claimed range of 12,000 kilometers far exceeds the 2,000–3,000 kilometers of the previous Khorramshahr-1 through -4 models. Media sources state that the missile uses liquid-fuel propulsion to achieve this speed, measures approximately 12 meters in length, and weighs between 14 and 15 tons at launch. The Khorramshahr-4, introduced in 2023, already features hypergolic fuel, a shorter launch time of under 15 minutes, and improved mid-phase guidance. The Khorramshahr-5 is said to expand on these features while offering a six-fold increase in range. Furthermore, Iran's development of a multi-stage solid-fuel engine like the Salman, with thrust vector control (TVC), demonstrates the enhanced modular propulsion capabilities required for an ICBM-class system. Its payload, reportedly a two-ton warhead, has been compared by Iranian media to US bunker-buster bombs like the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP).

Brigadier General Aziz Nasirzadeh previously stated that a two-ton hypersonic warhead had been successfully tested, but did not attribute the test to any ICBM and referred only to medium- and intermediate-range platforms like the Emad and other Khorramshahr variants. The Khorramshahr-5's reported Mach 16 speed aligns with the terminal phase speed of a typical ICBM. Iranian officials have also stated that the Fattah series of hypersonic missiles has reached Mach 15 and is now considered operational, although no clarification has been given as to whether the system is related to ICBM development. The Khorramshahr series of missiles evolved from North Korea's BM-25 Musudan, which was based on the Soviet R-27 submarine-launched missile. Iran first tested the original Khorramshahr missile in 2017, with a range of 2,000 kilometers and a payload of approximately 1,800 kilograms. Subsequent models, including the Khorramshahr-2 and -3, featured improved warhead aerodynamics and a reduced missile length.

The Khorramshahr-4, or "Kheibar," launched in May 2023, introduced hypergolic liquid propellant that can be stored for years and allows launch readiness within 12 minutes. It carries a 1,500 kg warhead and uses a mid-course navigation system to correct its trajectory outside the atmosphere, thus reducing the missile's flight time.

Thailand Announces Procurement of New Fleet of Saab Gripen E/F Fighter Jets

Thailand Announces Procurement of New Fleet of Saab Gripen E/F Fighter Jets

Wednesday, August 6, 2025

The Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) officially announced the procurement of a new fleet of Saab JAS 39 Gripen E and F multirole fighter jets to modernize its combat aviation capabilities. The Thai government has approved the initial acquisition of four aircraft as part of a long-term plan to replace legacy platforms and strengthen national airspace defense. The first phase will include the integration of the Swedish next-generation fighter into the RTAF's frontline squadrons by 2029, with the full program targeting a total of twelve aircraft delivered in phases by 2035. This announcement reflects Thailand's strategic move towards greater autonomy in air operations and its ongoing partnership with Saab. Thailand currently operates a fleet of twelve Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D fighter aircraft, consisting of eight single-seat C models and four twin-seat D models, based at Wing 7 in Surat Thani.

These aircraft were delivered between 2011 and 2013 as part of Thailand's initial transition from US-built fighters to Swedish-built platforms. In operational service, the Gripen C/D fleet has become the RTAF's core multirole fighter capability, integrated with two Saab 340 AEW&C aircraft and a network-centric command and control infrastructure. Gripens are regularly deployed for maritime patrols, joint exercises, and fast air interception tasks in Thai airspace and the Gulf of Thailand. Recent escalating border tensions with Cambodia marked a turning point in Thailand's airpower deployments. On July 26, 2025, RTAF Gripen C fighters conducted precision airstrikes against Cambodian artillery positions in response to repeated cross-border firing incidents near the disputed Preah Vihear region. This engagement marked the first confirmed combat use of Gripens in Royal Thai Air Force service and underscored the growing demand for modern platforms with longer range, electronic warfare capabilities, and strike precision. The operational effectiveness of the Gripen C/D in limited conflict scenarios played a key role in expediting government approval for the acquisition of the new E/F.

The upcoming Gripen E and F variants represent a significant generational leap over the C/D models currently in service. The Gripen E is equipped with a more powerful General Electric F414G engine, offering 20 percent more thrust than the RM12 engine used on the Gripen C. The aircraft is equipped with the advanced Raven ES-05 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, which provides longer detection range and improved tracking of low-RCS targets. The aircraft also integrates the Skyward-G infrared search and track (IRST) system, which improves passive target acquisition in contested electronic environments. With increased internal fuel capacity, the Gripen E offers longer range and flight time, while a newly redesigned avionics architecture based on high-speed Ethernet links allows for rapid software updates and future scalability. The two-seat Gripen F variant is specifically designed for training, advanced mission coordination, and tactical leadership roles, making it ideal for squadron integration and pilot conversion training.

Both variants are equipped with a variety of precision-guided munitions, including the beyond-visual-range Meteor air-to-air missile, offering superior strike capability against regional adversaries. By committing to the Swedish SAAB JAS 39 Gripen E/F fighter jet, Thailand is strengthening its long-standing defense partnership with Sweden while moving away from reliance on US platforms following the failed F-35 bid. With delivery of the first four aircraft expected in 2029 and subsequent deliveries through the next decade, the Royal Thai Air Force is securing the future of its air combat capabilities through a combination of proven technology, modern architecture, and strategic industrial cooperation with Saab.

Source: Facebook admin technology military strategy

Chinese Warship and Coast Guard Vessel Collide Near Disputed Scarborough Shoal with the Philippines.

Chinese Warship and Coast Guard Vessel Collide Near Disputed Scarborough Shoal with the Philippines.

Monday, August 11, 2025.

A Chinese Coast Guard (CCG) vessel sustained severe damage on Monday after colliding with a Chinese Navy warship in a tense maritime encounter with a Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) vessel near Bajo de Masinloc, also known internationally as Scarborough Shoal. According to the PCG, the incident occurred while carrying out the "Kadiwa Para sa Bagong Bayaning Mangingisda" program, delivering supplies to Philippine fishing vessels operating in disputed waters. The BRP Teresa Magbanua, BRP Suluan, and MV Pamamalakaya departed early in the morning to support approximately 35 fishing vessels in the area. During the mission, the PCG vessels and the fishermen they escorted encountered "dangerous maneuvers and obstructive actions" by other vessels in the vicinity. The PCG reported that the patrol boat MRRV 4406 was targeted by water cannons, but the crew managed to avoid being shot by evading them.

The confrontation escalated when the China Coast Guard vessel 3104, while pursuing the BRP Suluan at high speed, executed what the PCG described as a dangerous maneuver on the starboard side of the Philippine vessel. This resulted in a collision with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) destroyer 164, located approximately 10.5 nautical miles east of Bajo de Masinloc. The impact severely damaged the CCG's hull, rendering it unseaworthy. Immediately after the incident, the PCG offered assistance to the Chinese crew, including the evacuation of those who had fallen overboard and medical support. There was no official confirmation from either side of any casualties. Meanwhile, the PCG's MRRV 9701 escorted the Filipino fishermen to safety, where they received fuel and other essential supplies. The Chinese government offered a very different account of the incident. According to the Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, Philippine Coast Guard and government vessels have "forcefully intruded" into waters off Huangyan Island under the "pretext" of delivering supplies to fishing vessels, despite "repeated dissuade and warnings" by Chinese authorities. China Coast Guard spokesman Gan Yu said on Monday that Chinese units "took all necessary measures, including tracking, monitoring, blocking, and controlling" to repel the Philippine vessels.

Gan added that "operations on the ground were conducted in a professional, standard, and lawful manner." Gan reiterated Beijing's position that "Huangyan Island is an inseparable part of China's territory" and said that the China Coast Guard will "continue to carry out rights protection law enforcement activities" in the waters around the island "in accordance with the law" and will "resolutely safeguard China's national territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests." Bajo de Masinloc, a traditional fishing ground for Filipino fishermen, lies within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone but is also claimed by China, which refers to it as Huangyan Island. The region has been a flashpoint for repeated confrontations between Philippine and Chinese vessels, often involving coast guard vessels, maritime militia vessels, and fishing boats from both countries. The collision between the CCG vessel and the PLAN warship is the latest in a series of incidents that underscore the volatility of the disputed South China Sea. Although both sides avoid direct military engagement, these encounters often escalate into high-risk maneuvers that increase the risk of accidents.

Monday's incident occurred amid heightened tensions in the region, with Philippine authorities publicly vowing to maintain their presence in the disputed waters and China reasserting its territorial claims. The Ministry of National Defense in Beijing did not acknowledge the collision between the Chinese vessels in its statement, and there was no immediate comment from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy on the extent of the damage to the CCG vessel.

source: facebook technology military strategy

Chinese Warship and Coast Guard Vessel Collide Near Disputed Scarborough Shoal with the Philippines.

 

Chinese Warship and Coast Guard Vessel Collide Near Disputed Scarborough Shoal with the Philippines.

Monday, August 11, 2025.

A Chinese Coast Guard (CCG) vessel sustained severe damage on Monday after colliding with a Chinese Navy warship in a tense maritime encounter with a Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) vessel near Bajo de Masinloc, also known internationally as Scarborough Shoal. According to the PCG, the incident occurred while carrying out the "Kadiwa Para sa Bagong Bayaning Mangingisda" program, delivering supplies to Philippine fishing vessels operating in disputed waters. The BRP Teresa Magbanua, BRP Suluan, and MV Pamamalakaya departed early in the morning to support approximately 35 fishing vessels in the area. During the mission, the PCG vessels and the fishermen they escorted encountered "dangerous maneuvers and obstructive actions" by other vessels in the vicinity. The PCG reported that the patrol boat MRRV 4406 was targeted by water cannons, but the crew managed to avoid being shot by evading them.

The confrontation escalated when the China Coast Guard vessel 3104, while pursuing the BRP Suluan at high speed, executed what the PCG described as a dangerous maneuver on the starboard side of the Philippine vessel. This resulted in a collision with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) destroyer 164, located approximately 10.5 nautical miles east of Bajo de Masinloc. The impact severely damaged the CCG's hull, rendering it unseaworthy. Immediately after the incident, the PCG offered assistance to the Chinese crew, including the evacuation of those who had fallen overboard and medical support. There was no official confirmation from either side of any casualties. Meanwhile, the PCG's MRRV 9701 escorted the Filipino fishermen to safety, where they received fuel and other essential supplies. The Chinese government offered a very different account of the incident. According to the Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, Philippine Coast Guard and government vessels have "forcefully intruded" into waters off Huangyan Island under the "pretext" of delivering supplies to fishing vessels, despite "repeated dissuade and warnings" by Chinese authorities. China Coast Guard spokesman Gan Yu said on Monday that Chinese units "took all necessary measures, including tracking, monitoring, blocking, and controlling" to repel the Philippine vessels.

Gan added that "operations on the ground were conducted in a professional, standard, and lawful manner." Gan reiterated Beijing's position that "Huangyan Island is an inseparable part of China's territory" and said that the China Coast Guard will "continue to carry out rights protection law enforcement activities" in the waters around the island "in accordance with the law" and will "resolutely safeguard China's national territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests." Bajo de Masinloc, a traditional fishing ground for Filipino fishermen, lies within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone but is also claimed by China, which refers to it as Huangyan Island. The region has been a flashpoint for repeated confrontations between Philippine and Chinese vessels, often involving coast guard vessels, maritime militia vessels, and fishing boats from both countries. The collision between the CCG vessel and the PLAN warship is the latest in a series of incidents that underscore the volatility of the disputed South China Sea. Although both sides avoid direct military engagement, these encounters often escalate into high-risk maneuvers that increase the risk of accidents.

Monday's incident occurred amid heightened tensions in the region, with Philippine authorities publicly vowing to maintain their presence in the disputed waters and China reasserting its territorial claims. The Ministry of National Defense in Beijing did not acknowledge the collision between the Chinese vessels in its statement, and there was no immediate comment from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy on the extent of the damage to the CCG vessel.

source: facebook technology military strategy

Awaiting the Arrival of French-Made Rafale Fighter Jets in Indonesia

Awaiting the Arrival of French-Made Rafale Fighter Jets in Indonesia

Thursday, August 7, 2025

TSM—Indonesia is expected to receive its first Rafale B fighter jets in the first half of 2026, as part of a French-made fighter aircraft procurement contract signed in 2022.

Delivery of the first six units is scheduled to take place in stages, with three Rafale jets arriving between February and March 2026, and the remaining three before mid-year.

These fighter jets are part of a strategic agreement between Indonesia and France to strengthen defense cooperation.

https://youtu.be/zyzDwV6EALw

The Indonesian Ministry of Defense is also reportedly in advanced discussions with France regarding the possibility of acquiring between 12 and 24 more Rafale jets.

If realized, Indonesia's total number of Rafale fighter jets will reach 66, making Indonesia one of the largest Rafale operators outside Europe.

The Rafale aircraft that Indonesia will receive include the Rafale C (single-seat) and Rafale B (two-seat) variants, with the F3R configuration (an initial order of six units has been converted to the F4) and the latest F4.

These fighter jets can carry a variety of modern weapons, including MICA and METEOR air-to-air missiles, SCALP cruise missiles, Exocet anti-ship missiles, and AASM smart bombs.

With an operational range of up to 3,700 kilometers and a maximum speed of Mach 1.8, the Rafale can carry up to nine tons of weapons on 14 hang-on points.

These aircraft are planned to replace the aging Hawk 100/200 fleet and strengthen the Indonesian Air Force's presence at Pekanbaru and Pontianak Air Bases.

This move also reflects Indonesia's strategy to diversify its defense equipment sources and reduce dependence on platforms from the United States and Russia. (isa/bac)

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Egypt Enters Turkey's Kaan Fighter Jet Program with Joint Production Plans

Egypt Enters Turkey's Kaan Fighter Jet Program with Joint Production Plans.

Turkey had previously reached a preliminary agreement with Indonesia for the future sale of Kaan fighter jets.

Tuesday, August 5, 2025.

Egypt has received formal approval to join Turkey's indigenous fifth-generation fighter jet program, the Kaan. This development marks a significant milestone in defense cooperation between the two countries and underscores Egypt's intention to become a key player in next-generation aerospace technology. The bilateral agreement reportedly includes provisions for technology transfer, a collaborative production line, and the future procurement of Kaan fighter jets by the Egyptian Air Force.

The Kaan is designed to match or even surpass the capabilities of other fifth-generation platforms such as the US F-35 Lightning II, the Russian Su-57 Felon, and the Chinese J-20 Mighty Dragon. The aircraft features a low-observability airframe with radar-absorbent materials and sharply angled surfaces to reduce its radar cross-section (RCS). The internal weapons bay configuration allows the aircraft to maintain stealth during combat missions, and conformal fuel tanks are being developed to extend operational range while maintaining a low-observability profile. The aircraft is designed for multi-domain operations with a digital backbone that supports sensor fusion, cooperative engagement capabilities, and real-time battlefield data integration across allied forces.

One of the Kaan's key technological advantages is its next-generation active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, developed by ASELSAN. This radar offers target tracking, electronic attack, and synthetic aperture radar imaging functions in a single integrated suite. Combined with an advanced infrared search and track system (IRST), a distributed aperture system (DAS), and an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS), the radar allows pilots to detect, track, and engage enemy aircraft without relying solely on radar emissions. The cockpit features a panoramic touchscreen, a voice command interface, and a helmet-mounted display system (HMDS), which maximizes pilot situational awareness and reduces workload during high-intensity combat. The Kaan's twin-engine configuration is initially powered by General Electric F110-GE-129 engines, pending the future integration of domestically developed engines in a parallel engine development program led by TRMotor and TÜBITAK-SAGE. Each engine produces over 29,000 pounds of thrust, enabling sustained supersonic speeds (supercruise) above Mach 1.8 without afterburners, a critical requirement for survivability in high-altitude conflict. The platform is expected to have a combat radius exceeding 1,100 kilometers and a service ceiling above 55,000 feet.

With a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 27,000 kg, the Kaan is designed to carry an internal payload of up to 1,500 kg in its weapons bay and an external payload of over 6,000 kg under its wings when stealth is not required. The Kaan's modular architecture supports a wide range of air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions, including Gökdogan and Bozdogan missiles, precision-guided bombs, anti-ship missiles, and long-range cruise weapons such as the SOM-J. Electronic warfare pods, jamming systems, and satellite communications suites are also planned as optional integrations to adapt the aircraft for specialized roles, such as suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) and strategic strike missions. In addition to its technical attributes, the fighter is built with an artificial intelligence-based mission system, predictive maintenance capabilities, and secure data link interoperability for NATO and non-NATO coalition operations. As part of its growing international reach and defense export ambitions, Turkey has previously reached a preliminary agreement with Indonesia for the future sale of Kaan fighter jets. This agreement, which is still in its early stages, includes potential joint development opportunities and technology transfer, reflecting both countries' shared interest in enhancing domestic defense capabilities.

Indonesia, which has long sought to modernize its air force beyond Russian and Western platforms, views Kaan as a strategic alternative that balances cost, capability, and industrial collaboration. While no final contract has been disclosed, officials from both sides have signaled a strong intention to move forward, positioning Indonesia as a potential first foreign operator for Turkey's fifth-generation fighter jet. The geopolitical relevance of this collaboration between Egypt and Turkey lies in its potential to reshape regional power dynamics at a time when Middle East and North Africa defense strategies are being increasingly disrupted.

Russia Expands Use of Su-57 Fighter Jets to Strike Ukraine Full-Scale

Russia Expands Use of Su-57 Fighter Jets to Strike Ukraine Full-Scale.

Tuesday, August 5, 2025.

Russia is increasingly deploying Su-57 Felon stealth fighter jets in combat operations against Ukraine, according to multiple sources, including the aviation-focused community "Sonyashnyk," which is closely associated with Ukrainian military observers.

The report indicates a shift in the intensity and sophistication of Su-57 use. Russian forces are reportedly refining weapons options and testing new tactics for using the aircraft in full-scale warfare. These efforts include multi-aircraft formations and an expanded role in strike missions deep into Ukrainian territory. "An entire Su-57 formation has been observed in action," Sonyashnyk reported, noting that "one aircraft provided cover using R-77M long-range air-to-air missiles while the other pair carried out strikes with Kh-69 cruise missiles or precision-guided bombs." The same source claimed that in addition to the Kh-69, Russian forces are testing what appears to be a new type of guided weapon, potentially a combination of drones and missiles. Referred to in some open sources as the Su-71K, this system is reportedly more difficult to detect by radar and capable of sharp and evasive maneuvers.

The implementation of this measure reflects a broader trend in Russia's efforts to adapt to Ukrainian air defense systems and develop combat test procedures for its fifth-generation aircraft, which are still in limited production. In a notable incident in October 2024, an Su-57 was reportedly involved in an escort mission for a prototype S-70 Okhotnik heavy attack drone. According to reports, the S-70 lost control mid-flight due to a technical malfunction and was ultimately destroyed by an accompanying Su-57 in what appears to be a pre-planned emergency protocol.

The Su-57 program, initially known as the T-50 prototype, first flew in 2010 but has been plagued by delays. The project's development has been hampered by a lack of foreign investment. India's withdrawal from the joint fighter program dealt a significant financial blow to the platform's future, eliminating what was previously considered a key source of funding. Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and subsequent Western sanctions further disrupted production schedules and raised questions about the feasibility of substantial future exports.

While Russia has attempted to attract foreign interest by offering partial local assembly options to countries like India and Algeria, these efforts have yielded few confirmed sales.

The Ministry of Defense in Moscow has not publicly confirmed the scale or nature of Su-57 combat operations in Ukraine. However, the aircraft's increased visibility in the war zone appears to be in line with a broader strategy aimed at showcasing the jet's capabilities to potential foreign buyers.

By deploying the Su-57 in a live war zone, Russia is likely seeking to attract international partners and demonstrate the fighter's operational utility in combat conditions. With few potential export clients and production still hovering in the single digits per year, the stakes for saving the program remain high.

With the war in Ukraine serving as a live testing ground, Russia appears determined to prove that the Su-57 is more than just a legacy prototype. The coming months will likely reveal whether the aircraft can transition from a symbolic aircraft to a functional pillar of the Russian Air Force and whether foreign buyers are convinced by what they see in combat.

India Menerima Proposal Baru dari Rusia untuk Membangun Tank T 14 Armata...

India Menerima Proposal Baru dari Rusia untuk Membangun Tank T-14 Armata Secara Lokal.

Senin, 04-08-2025.

Rusia telah menawarkan versi lokal tank tempur utama T-14 Armata kepada India sebagai basis program Tank Tempur Utama Generasi Berikutnya/Next Generation Main Battle Tank (NGMBT) India. Penawaran ini mencakup produksi berlisensi di India dalam kategori pengadaan "Make-I", yang memungkinkan pendanaan pemerintah India hingga 70% untuk pengembangan prototipe. Perusahaan milik negara Rusia, Uralvagonzavod, dilaporkan menyatakan kesediaannya untuk mengintegrasikan persyaratan India ke dalam desain T-14, termasuk adaptasi terhadap medan India, kebutuhan operasional spesifik, dan integrasi mesin DATRAN-1500HP yang dikembangkan di dalam negeri untuk menggantikan mesin standar 12N360. Biaya yang diusulkan untuk T-14 berkisar antara Rs 30 dan 42 crore per unit (sekitar $3.43 juta hingga 4.80 juta), tetapi produksi lokal di India dapat mengurangi biaya ini setidaknya sebesar Rs 10 crore ($1.14 juta). Uralvagonzavod telah mengindikasikan keterbukaan untuk berkolaborasi dengan Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) India atau entitas pertahanan sektor publik lainnya. Proposal tersebut bertujuan untuk menggantikan armada T-72 Ajeya India yang menua dan menggabungkan ketentuan untuk pengembangan bersama dan produksi lokal di luar perakitan sederhana atau impor suku cadang. T-14 Armata saat ini merupakan tank tempur utama tercanggih Rusia dan memiliki sejumlah inovasi yang tidak ada pada model Soviet atau Rusia sebelumnya.

Dirancang berdasarkan Armata Universal Combat Platform, T-14 memiliki turret otomatis penuh tanpa awak di dalamnya, sementara tiga awak duduk di dalam kapsul lapis baja yang terlindungi di lambung depan. Tank ini dipersenjatai dengan meriam smoothbore 2A82-1M 125 mm yang mampu menembakkan peluru standar dan peluru kendali, dengan klaim bahwa peningkatan ke meriam 152 mm di masa mendatang dapat dilakukan. Tank ini menggunakan radar AESA gelombang milimeter untuk deteksi menyeluruh, dan sistem proteksi aktif "Afghanit" untuk mendeteksi dan mencegat ancaman anti-tank yang masuk. Tank ini juga mencakup lapisan baja reaktif Malachit yang terintegrasi ke dalam strukturnya. Tank ini memiliki berat sekitar 55 ton, jangkauan operational sekitar 500 kilometer, dan perkiraan kecepatan tertinggi antara 75 dan 80 km/jam. T-14 dilengkapi perangkat lunak manajemen medan perang dan sistem elektronik yang menyediakan kewaspadaan situasional dan penanggulangan ancaman. T-14 dikonfigurasi untuk beroperasi di iklim ekstrem, termasuk lingkungan dataran tinggi dengan rentang suhu yang luas, dan dapat dipersenjatai dengan berbagai amunisi, termasuk sistem anti-lapis baja dan anti-pesawat. T-14 Armata diperkenalkan kepada publik pada tahun 2015 selama parade Hari Kemenangan Moskow. Kendaraan ini menyusul pembatalan T-95 dan dikembangkan dengan sebutan Objek 148 oleh Uralvagonzavod. Rencana pengadaan awal Rusia menargetkan 2.300 unit antara tahun 2015 dan 2020, tetapi kemudian direvisi karena kendala biaya dan produksi.

Laporan menunjukkan bahwa kurang dari 20 unit telah dikirimkan pada awal tahun 2024, sebagian besar untuk penggunaan uji coba. Kendaraan itu dilaporkan telah diuji di Suriah dan diamati selama latihan di Rusia, tetapi belum dikonfirmasi dalam peran tempur garis depan. Uji coba negara diperpanjang hingga tahun 2020-an, dan pada bulan Maret 2024, CEO Rostec Sergey Chemezov menyatakan bahwa T-14 telah memasuki layanan terbatas dengan Angkatan Bersenjata Russia. Namun, ia menambahkan bahwa karena biayanya yang tinggi, itu tidak akan menggantikan T-90, yang terus diperoleh dalam jumlah yang lebih besar. Beberapa video T-14 yang dilaporkan di Ukraine tidak dapat diverifikasi dan mungkin merupakan rekayasa atau diambil selama pengujian non-tempur. Inventaris Rusia saat ini sebagian besar terdiri dari varian T-72, T-80, dan T-90 yang telah ditingkatkan, sementara T-14 masih digunakan secara terbatas. Pembaca mungkin bertanya-tanya apakah Rusia tidak ingin melewatkan terlalu banyak langkah sekaligus dengan T-14, mengingat daftar panjang masalah yang saat ini diketahui ada. Mesin 12N360 telah mengalami kegagalan keandalan berulang kali, yang merupakan salah satu alasan Rusia terbuka untuk menggantinya dengan DATRAN-1500HP India. Transmisi dan elektronik kendaraan mengalami kesulitan integrasi. Penundaan dalam memenuhi tolok ukur uji coba negara dan dalam penerjunan unit operational telah merusak kredibilitas platform tersebut di Rusia.

Meskipun beberapa prototipe tank telah digunakan dalam latihan non-tempur atau ditampilkan dalam parade, hanya sedikit yang telah memasuki layanan reguler, dan tidak ada evaluasi kinerja medan perang resmi yang dipublikasikan. Biaya tinggi tank tersebut, dilaporkan antara $5 dan $7 juta per unit untuk Angkatan Darat Rusia, telah membatasi produksinya hanya untuk uji coba. Masalah-masalah ini menunjukkan bahwa tawaran Rusia kepada India mungkin sebagian dim

The Importance of AEW&C/AWACS Early Warning Aircraft in Modern Air Warfare

The Importance of AEW&C/AWACS Early Warning Aircraft in Modern Air Warfare.

Tuesday, 05-08-2025.

Learning from the India-Pakistan air war, the role of early warning aircraft is crucial to victory in aerial warfare. Military satellites also play a crucial role. As we know, the Pakistan Air Force used the Erieye AEW&C aircraft, manufactured by SAAB Sweden, and the Shaanxi ZDK-03 AEW&C, manufactured by China, during the war with India. In that war, the Pakistan Air Force successfully downed an expensive Indian Rafale aircraft in its own territory with a PL-15 BVR missile fired from a relatively inexpensive Chinese J-10C aircraft. Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft utilize sophisticated radars mounted on aircraft to detect, track, and identify targets in the air, on land, and at sea. This information is then transmitted to command and control centers, as well as other fighter aircraft, to coordinate defense or attack operations.

How it works:

1. Detection

AEW&C radars emit radio waves that bounce off targets (such as aircraft, missiles, or ships). The system then receives and analyzes the reflected signals to determine the target's location, distance, speed, and type.

2. Information Processing

Data from the radar is processed by the computer system on the AEW&C aircraft. This system identifies threats, prioritizes targets, and presents relevant information in the form of an Air Situation Picture (ASP).

3. Communication and Coordination

The processed information is then sent via communications systems to command and control centers on the ground, as well as to other fighter aircraft in the air. This allows command and control to effectively direct defensive or offensive operations.

4. Guidance and Direction

AEW&C aircraft can also provide direct guidance to fighter aircraft to intercept targets or direct attacking aircraft to optimal positions.

Examples of some AEW&C aircraft currently in use worldwide

- E-3 Sentry (AWACS): A Boeing-made aircraft used by several NATO countries and the US.

- E-2 Hawkeye: A Northrop Grumman aircraft used by the US Navy and several other countries.

- E-7 Wedgetail: A Boeing aircraft used by Australia, Turkey, and South Korea.

- SAAB 340 AEW&C (Erieye): A Saab aircraft used by several countries.

- Beriev A-100: A Russian aircraft based on the Il-76MD-90A transport aircraft. This aircraft was developed to replace the Beriev A-50 in service with the Russian Air Force.

- Shaanxi KJ-500: A Chinese third-generation aircraft used by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).

Key Roles of AEW&C Aircraft

- Detecting airborne threats earlier than ground-based radars, providing more reaction time.

- Improving situational awareness on the battlefield, enabling more effective command and control.

- Guiding fighter aircraft to intercept targets, both in defensive and offensive operations.

- Provides command and control support for air, land, and naval operations.

With their advanced capabilities, AEW&C aircraft have become a critical component of modern air defense systems, helping maintain airspace security and providing strategic advantages to their users.

Admin

India Likely to Buy KF-21 Boramae Fighter Jets from South Korea.

India Likely to Buy KF-21 Boramae Fighter Jets from South Korea.

Monday, 04-08-2025.

The indigenously developed KF-21 Boramae, developed in South Korea with its Indonesian partners, has emerged as a potential candidate for India's Multirole Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) program, as New Delhi seeks to address gaps in its combat air fleet. According to an Indian defense media report published on August 1, the KF-21 is being evaluated amid growing interest by the Indian Air Force (IAF) in acquiring 4th, 5th, and 5th-generation fighters. The South Korean jet is seen as a cost-competitive platform with future growth potential and compatibility with India's domestic industrial policy. The IAF currently faces a shortage of operational squadrons due to the phase-out of older aircraft such as the MiG-21 and Jaguar. While India has long relied on a mix of Russian and French platforms, shifting procurement priorities and delays in its indigenous fighter program have prompted broader consideration of new-generation foreign systems.

Developed by Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the KF-21 is a 4.5th-generation, twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft equipped with advanced avionics, including an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, infrared search and track (IRST), electronic warfare systems, and modern weapons integration.

The aircraft is powered by two General Electric F414-400K engines and boasts a top speed of Mach 1.8, a combat radius of approximately 1,500 nautical miles, and a maximum payload of up to 7,700 kg. South Korea began developing the KF-21 in 2011 to replace its aging fleet of F-4 and F-5 fighters. Although originally intended as a 5th-generation stealth aircraft, the program was adjusted to first field the 4.5th-generation configuration due to operational urgency. The aircraft is currently in the flight testing phase, and the first delivery to the Republic of Korea Air Force (RoKAF) is expected in 2026. India is reportedly considering acquiring 60 advanced 4.5-generation fighters while simultaneously developing 5th-generation platforms, including the indigenous AMCA. The KF-21's modular design, future upgrade roadmap (including a planned Block III variant with an internal weapons bay and stealth coating), and compatibility with twin-engine naval variants could offer strategic appeal.

One key advantage highlighted by the Indian press is engine commonality. The KF-21 uses the same F414 engine type selected for India's Tejas Mk II and AMCA programs. If India proceeds with large-scale license production of the F414, this could simplify logistics, maintenance, and operational integration for the KF-21.

Another factor is the aircraft's potential compatibility with India's "Make India" defense manufacturing initiative. If selected, the KF-21 could be assembled or co-produced in India, and its open architecture allows the integration of locally developed systems such as the Uttam AESA radar and the Astra air-to-air missile, provided an agreement is reached on source code access and software integration.

As of mid-2025, the estimated unit price of the KF-21 ranges from $87 million to $110 million, including engines, placing it below competitors such as the Rafale, Su-57, and F-35.

In July, Bloomberg reported that India had informed US officials that it would not acquire the F-35, despite repeated calls from Washington.

Admin

source: military strategy technology

Indonesia's Submarine Fleet Highlighted by Foreign Media, No Surprise the Scorpene Submarine Project is Being Accelerated.

Indonesia's Submarine Fleet Highlighted by Foreign Media, No Surprise the Scorpene Submarine Project is Being Accelerated.

Indonesia has confirmed its commitment to building two Scorpene-class submarines, which were ordered from France in 2024. According to Army Recognition, on July 25, 2025, in an article titled "Indonesia Turns to Scorpene Submarines to Assert Its Maritime Power in the Indo-Pacific," the contract was announced on July 23, 2025, and construction of the Scorpene-class submarines will soon begin. The accelerated construction of the Scorpene submarines is due to several factors. According to Army Recognition, one of them is the condition of Indonesia's submarines, which require rapid rejuvenation. Indonesia's current submarine fleet primarily consists of four Nagapasa-class submarines, built with South Korean support. These submarines are now showing signs of aging and face modernization challenges. Through the Scorpène Evolved program, Indonesia seeks to meet short-term operational needs while simultaneously laying the foundation for a self-sufficient and resilient naval industry capable of developing and producing advanced systems over the long term. This dual objective reflects a clear intention to consolidate technological capabilities and national control over maritime security in the Indo-Pacific.

These diesel-electric submarines, equipped with lithium-ion batteries, will be entirely designed, assembled, and operated in Indonesia. This development reflects Jakarta's shifting strategic ambition to build comprehensive national capabilities in submarine construction and lifecycle management. In the long term, the operation, maintenance, and support of these platforms will be handled by Indonesian personnel, strengthening national operational control and creating thousands of skilled jobs. According to The Asia Live, on July 24, 2025, in an article titled "Indonesia Races Against Time: Accelerated Development of the Emerging Scorpene Submarine to Enhance Naval Power," the submarine construction project has also been accelerated by Indonesia. Indonesia has cut the project from an initial eight-year timeline to just five. This unprecedented acceleration, mandated by President Prabowo Subianto earlier this year, is expected to redefine the direction of Indonesia's naval development and reshape Southeast Asia's maritime security calculations. This ambitious direction comes at a time when undersea dominance in the Indo-Pacific has assumed immense importance amidst expanding military footprints, overlapping territorial claims, and increasingly assertive maneuvers by regional and global naval powers.

"This request has suddenly become a major challenge that must be addressed together," said Rear Admiral (Ret.) Wiranto, Project Director of PT PAL, Indonesia's state-owned shipbuilder. According to his statement, Wiranto emphasized the President's desire for the Scorpene submarine to be delivered within three years. ahead of schedule. "Several months ago, the President asked the team, namely the team from PT PAL and our partners from Naval Group, to accelerate this project by three years," he explained. The initial 96-month (eight-year) construction plan for the two submarines, signed on March 28, 2024, between the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the French Naval Group. However, it is now being re-evaluated to meet the new five-year deadline. With both submarines to be built domestically at PT PAL's facility in Surabaya, this is the most technologically advanced and timely naval program ever undertaken by Indonesia.